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2019/6/12 20:20:24 廢有色金屬是指出產與消費過程中已完成使用壽命的器件中所含有的有色金屬部件及材料。例如，舊電線、舊蓄電池、舊電器、舊飛機、報廢汽車、廢棄船舶等，都含有一定數目的有色金屬。 同時，廢銅廢鋁回收也是節約能源、減少環境污染的有效手段。以鋁為例，與以礦石為出發點比擬，出產1t原鋁需耗能213l0.8×l04kJ(1.7×104kw.h電)，而出產1t再生鋁合金能耗僅為548.8×104kJ，只有原生鋁的2.6%，并節省10.5t水，少用固體材料11t，比用水電出產電解鋁時少排放CO291%，比用煤電時減少的CO2排放量則更多;另外，少排放硫氧化物(SOX)0.06t，少處理廢液、廢渣1.9t，少剝離表土石0.6t，免采掘脈石6.1t。同樣，銅、鉛、鋅再生金屬的節能率分別達到82%、72%和63%，金、銀、鉑等貴金屬和鎳、鉻、鈦、鈮、鈷等稀有金屬的再生金屬的節能率約為60%~90% 很(hen)(hen)多(duo)非(fei)鐵金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)可(ke)以純(chun)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)狀態應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)產業和科學技術中。如Au、Ag、cu、Al用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作電(dian)導體，Ti用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作耐(nai)蝕(shi)構件，W、Mo、Ta用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作高溫發燒體，Al、sn箔材(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)食物包裝，Hg用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)儀表，Pb用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)蓄電(dian)池等;但更多(duo)的(de)是(shi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)種有色(se)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)搭配使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，或(huo)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)非(fei)鐵金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)合(he)金(jin)(jin)。非(fei)鐵金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)合(he)金(jin)(jin)具有很(hen)(hen)多(duo)重要(yao)的(de)特性，不管作為(wei)結構材(cai)料(liao)或(huo)是(shi)功能材(cai)料(liao)，在產業部分及高新技術領(ling)域(yu)都有著十(shi)分重要(yao)的(de)地位. 廢(fei)鐵(tie)回(hui)收磁(ci)(ci)(ci)選(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)利用(yong)固體廢(fei)物中各種物質的磁(ci)(ci)(ci)性差異，在(zai)(zai)不均(jun)勻(yun)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)聲中進行分選(xuan)(xuan)的一(yi)種處理(li)方(fang)法。磁(ci)(ci)(ci)選(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)分選(xuan)(xuan)鐵(tie)基(ji)金屬最有(you)效(xiao)的方(fang)法。將固體廢(fei)物輸入(ru)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)選(xuan)(xuan)機后，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)性顆粒在(zai)(zai)不均(jun)勻(yun)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)聲作(zuo)用(yong)下被(bei)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)。 磁選 廢(fei)(fei)鐵(tie)(tie)回收磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)選(xuan)是利用固體(ti)(ti)廢(fei)(fei)物中(zhong)各種(zhong)物質的(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)差異(yi)，在不均勻磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)聲(sheng)中(zhong)進(jin)行分選(xuan)的(de)一種(zhong)處理方法(fa)。磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)選(xuan)是分選(xuan)鐵(tie)(tie)基金屬最有(you)效(xiao)的(de)方法(fa)。將固體(ti)(ti)廢(fei)(fei)物輸入(ru)(ru)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)選(xuan)機后，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)顆粒在不均勻磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)聲(sheng)作用下被磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化，從而(er)受到(dao)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)吸(xi)引(yin)力(li)的(de)作用，使磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)顆粒吸(xi)進(jin)圓(yuan)筒上，并隨圓(yuan)筒進(jin)入(ru)(ru)排(pai)料端排(pai)出;非(fei)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)顆粒由于(yu)所受的(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)作用力(li)很小，仍留在廢(fei)(fei)物中(zhong)。磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)選(xuan)所采(cai)用的(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)源一般為電磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)體(ti)(ti)或永磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)體(ti)(ti)兩種(zhong)。 清洗 廢鐵(tie)回(hui)收清洗是(shi)用(yong)各種不同(tong)的化學溶劑(ji)或熱的表(biao)面活性劑(ji)，清除鋼件表(biao)面的油污、鐵(tie)銹、泥沙等。常用(yong)來(lai)大量處理(li)受切削(xue)機油、潤滑脂、油污或其他附著物(wu)污染的發動機、軸承(cheng)、齒(chi)輪(lun)等。 |